Overview of geographical indications

What is a Geographical Indication?

A geographical indication (GI) shows that the characteristics of a product are linked to a specific geographical region. It indicates that the product is made in that particular place and that it has special qualities thanks to local traditions, culture or natural conditions.

Among the best-known GIs is “Champagne”, which may be used only for sparkling wines produced in the Champagne region in France. Other examples include the Italian ham “Prosciutto di Parma” and the cheese “Feta”. From Estonian products, the curd cheese „Sõir“ and „Estonian vodka“ have received geographical indication protection at the European Union level.

Note! Unlike a trademark, no one can obtain exclusive rights to a GI – all producers whose products meet the conditions set out in the GI specification and who have been granted permission to use it may use the registered indication.

Why do we need Geographical Indications?

Geographical indications benefit producers, consumers and local communities alike. The GI label on a product informs consumers about where it comes from and how it was made. This ensures, for example, that a piece of local pottery bought while travelling is truly authentic and crafted in the specific region using traditional methods.

For producers, adding a GI to their product is a mark of honour – a guarantee of the product’s quality and authenticity. The GI system also promotes fair competition by helping to prevent counterfeiting and misleading labelling.

The region from which a GI-labelled product originates also gains an advantage. It enhances the area’s reputation and supports local economic activity.

Which products can receive a GI and how to apply?

Products protected by geographical indications fall into two categories:

• wines, spirit drinks and agricultural products;
• craft and industrial products.

To obtain GI protection for the names of wines, spirit drinks or agricultural products, an application must be submitted to the Ministry of Regional Affairs and Agriculture. The ministry reviews the application and forwards it to the European Commission. The final decision to approve or reject the application is made by the European Commission. All relevant information on the protection, control and supervision of wines, spirit drinks and agricultural products is available on the ministry’s website.

The protection of geographical indications for craft and industrial products is governed by Regulation (EU) 2023/2411 of the European Parliament and of the Council, which entered into force on 1 December 2025. The new system covers products such as ceramics, glass, textiles, musical instruments and more.

Here, too, registration consists of two stages: first, the Estonian Patent Office assesses the application and decides whether to approve or reject it. Approved applications are forwarded to the European Union Intellectual Property Office (EUIPO), which makes the final decision. The geographical indication is then entered into the register managed by EUIPO.

More detailed information on submitting GI applications for craft and industrial products, the registration process and supervision will soon be available on our website.

Note! Registered indications are entered into the European Union register and their protection applies in all EU Member States.